Guava is a tropical fruit tree with a distinct aroma and flavor, commonly grown in gardens and farms when climate conditions are suitable. Although guava is generally considered a hardy, low-maintenance tree, several factors can weaken it and eventually cause its death. This article outlines the most common reasons guava trees die and offers practical tips to manage each issue.
Insufficient or Excessive Sunlight
Excessive direct sunlight can cause stress that leads to dehydration, leaf burn, and crispy leaf edges—eventually killing the tree. On the other hand, a lack of sunlight can also cause tree decline because it prevents proper photosynthesis and energy production.
As a general rule, guava trees should be planted in a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. If the tree is not getting enough sun—often due to shorter winter days—it’s recommended to grow it in a container and move it to a sunnier spot.
Nutrient Deficiency
Nutrient deficiencies can weaken guava trees, making them more vulnerable to diseases and dieback. Essential nutrients are necessary for overall plant growth, structure, and health.
A balanced fertilizer formulated for guava trees—preferably with an NPK ratio of 6-6-6—is recommended. However, over-fertilization should be avoided, as it can cause leaf browning and root stress.
Improper Watering Practices
Incorrect watering is one of the most common reasons guava trees die. Water needs vary by season, and both overwatering and underwatering can be harmful.
- Overwatering can suffocate the roots, leading to root rot and death.
- Underwatering prevents the tree from absorbing and distributing nutrients properly.
Generally, guava trees need watering once per week, but this must be adjusted depending on temperature:
- Increase watering during hot weather.
- Reduce watering during cold temperatures.
Most importantly, guava trees should be planted in well-draining soil, as poor drainage prevents proper root respiration.
Disease Infection
Several diseases can severely damage or kill guava trees. Below are the most dangerous ones:
1. Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that infects all parts of the tree. Symptoms begin on the trunk, where branch tips change from green to dark brown, then black. The disease spreads to fruits, leaves, and new growth, causing premature leaf and fruit drop.
Treatment:
- Remove and dispose of infected parts properly.
- Spray copper-based fungicides.
- Prevent infection by avoiding overhead watering, since wet leaves promote fungal growth.
2. Guava Wilt
Guava wilt is one of the most serious diseases, often appearing at the start of the rainy season. Leaves turn pale yellow, droop heavily, and fruits may drop prematurely.
Unfortunately, no cure exists for guava wilt.
Prevention includes:
- Applying nitrogen fertilizers after fruiting.
- Protecting the roots from injury.
- Maintaining proper soil health and drainage.
