Ginkgo biloba is considered one of the oldest living tree species on Earth, with evidence suggesting it existed even before the dinosaurs. If you’d like to learn more about this remarkable tree, continue reading to explore its characteristics, growing requirements, and uses.
General Definition of the Ginkgo Biloba Tree
The Ginkgo biloba tree belongs to the family Ginkgoaceae. Its origins trace back to China, where it has been cultivated for centuries in temple gardens across China and Japan. Today, it is widely grown around the world as an ornamental tree known for its strong resistance to fungi and insects.
This tree is highly tolerant of cold climates and fluctuating weather conditions. It is also cultivated for the medicinal properties of its leaves. Despite its wide cultivation, Ginkgo biloba is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Characteristics of the Ginkgo Biloba Tree
Height:
Ginkgo biloba typically grows to a height of 25–30 meters.
Shape:
Young trees have a pyramidal or conical form, becoming more uniform and rounded as they mature.
Leaves:
The leaves are fan-shaped, reaching up to 12 cm wide and 8 cm long. They turn a striking golden-yellow in autumn.
• Wood:
The wood is light in color but soft and weak, giving it limited economic value.
• Fruits:
Female trees produce aromatic fruits with a strong, unpleasant smell. Each fruit contains a single large seed.
Benefits and Uses of the Ginkgo Biloba Tree
Ginkgo biloba offers several advantages:
- A valued shade and ornamental tree, capable of blocking sunlight with its broad canopy.
- Enhances landscape aesthetics, especially during autumn when the leaves turn golden.
- Easy to plant and establish.
- Suitable for streets, walkways, and confined spaces.
- Thrives in urban environments.
- Extremely long-lived—some trees can live up to 3,000 years.
- Tolerant of air pollution and soil salinity.
Best Growing Conditions for Ginkgo Biloba
Below are the environmental requirements for optimal growth:
Light
Ginkgo biloba prefers full sun to partial shade, needing at least 4 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Soil
Although it can grow in various soil types, including compacted soils, it prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soils.
Soil pH
The tree tolerates both acidic and alkaline soils, but thrives best between pH 5.0 and 8.0.
Temperature and Humidity
Ginkgo biloba tolerates a wide range of humidity and temperature conditions and can thrive in both hot and dry climates.
